実践英会話教室14
時間について
今回のレッスンは、時間(分・時間・日・月・季節)についてです。時間の表現をマスターするカギは、on、in、at、by、withinなどの前 置詞の使い方です。前置詞の意味を個々に憶えるよりも、ひとかたまりとして(熟語のような)憶え、一に練習、二に練習、三に練習です。
Part 1
日にち
on Monday(月曜日に), on New Years Day(元旦に), on my birthday(誕生日に), on March 22 (because it's the 22nd day of March)(3月22日だからinでなくてon)
時計の時間
at 2.30pm(午後2時半に), at midnight (= 12am)(真夜中に), at noon(正午に)
月や季節
in March(3月に), in summer(夏に)
Part 2
以下の2つはまったく異なります。
on Sunday = on that day(その日、つまり日曜日に)
by Sunday = any time between now and Sunday(今から日曜日の間に)
Part 3
最後のものは、皆さんが一番よく勘違いしているものです。いまから何分後、何時間後、何日後を言い表す場合、 inを使用すること:
正: in 10 minutes (= 10 minutes from now)(今から10分後)
誤り: after 10 minutes
誤り: 10 minutes after
誤り: 10 minutes later
多くの人々は "in 30 minutes" を"within 30 minutes(30分以内)"を意味すると考えていますが、それは間違いです。今、2時30分とすると、 "I will meet John in 30 minutes"は、ジョンに3時に会うことを意味します。今から30分以内、つまり2時30分から3時の間に合う場合は、 "I will meet John within 30 minutes" を使います。
いくつか例をあげてみましょう:
It's January now. I'm going to Hawaii in 2 months. (= I'm going in March.)
(今、1月です。2ヶ月後にハワイに行きます。)()の意味の通り、3月にハワイに行くという意味となります。
Today is Thursday. The game is in 3 days. (= The game is on Sunday.)
(今日は木曜日です。試合は3日後にあります。)試合は日曜日にあるということです。
It's 9pm. I'm leaving in 20 minutes. (= I'm leaving at 9.20pm.)
(今、9時です。20分後に出発します。)
[追記]
in 20 minutes を'20分で'と訳をするから間違えるので、20分後と訳せば、 within 20 minutes との違いがわかりますね。
Talking about Time
This month's lesson is all about time: minutes, hours, days, months, seasons. The key to mastering expressions of time is the preposition: on, in, at, by, within. Memorize the preposition that goes with the expression, and practice, practice, practice!
Part 1
Days
on Monday, on New Years Day, on my birthday, on March 22 (because it's the 22nd day of March)
Clock Time
at 2.30pm, at midnight (= 12am), at noon
Months & Seasons
in March, in summer
Part 2
These 2 expressions are very different:
on Sunday = on that day
by Sunday = any time between now and Sunday
Part 3
And finally, here's the most common mistake of all. When you want to express a time that is a number of minutes/hours/days etc. from now, use in:
Correct: in 10 minutes (= 10 minutes from now)
Incorrect: after 10 minutes
Incorrect: 10 minutes after
Incorrect: 10 minutes later
Many students think that "in 30 minutes" means "within 30 minutes" but it doesn't. If the time is 2.30pm, saying "I will meet John in 30 minutes" means you will meet John at 3.00pm. Saying "I will meet John within 30 minutes" means you will meet John at any time between now and 3.00pm.
Here are some more examples:
It's January now. I'm going to Hawaii in 2 months. (= I'm going in March.)
Today is Thursday. The game is in 3 days. (= The game is on Sunday.)
It's 9pm. I'm leaving in 20 minutes. (= I'm leaving at 9.20pm.)